library; book collection; paperback book
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be dying; to be about to die; to be close to death
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
careless; stupid; thoughtless; heedless; unobservant; inadvertent
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to have a limit; to go too far (e.g. joke)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
translation; version (e.g. "English version")
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nimble; agile; quick; quick (thinking); smart; alert
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen