to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hug someone close; to hold someone tight; to embrace closely
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
feel (i.e. tactile sensation); touch; feeling; sensation; texture (e.g. food, cloth)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to put effort into; to strain; to put strength into; to put forth effort
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
painful; heartrending; trying; oppressive; suffocating; miserable
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: fire, south)
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
please (give me); please (do for me)
to repeat; to do something over again
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter