to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
consequence; outcome; result; blame
victory or defeat; issue (of battle); outcome
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from the beginning; from the first; all along; of course
western army (e.g. in a civil war); Western Army (Battle of Sekigahara)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
at the last moment; this late in the game
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to say; to tell; to state; to do
Fukushima (city, prefecture)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
please; kindly; I beg of you; by all means; without fail
pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
agreement; affirmative; aye; yes; OK
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to step back; to move back; to withdraw (from the presence of a superior); to leave; to resign; to retire
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
from here; from this place
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for