indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
feces (esp. animal); excrement; dung
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (middle ages); acting administrator
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)