to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ladle; dipper; wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris); cow parsley; keck
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
as (for); for; in the capacity of
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
retirement home; old people's home; senior citizens' home
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
program (e.g. theatre, theater); programme; (theatrical) piece; number; performance
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to hurt; to injure; to harm; to damage; to worry; to bother
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
platform; home; home base; home plate
to look forward to something
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)