indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hand-to-hand fighting; grappling; scuffling
show; performance; act; entertainment industry; show business
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
match; game; bout; contest
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
mainland; the country proper; native country; country where one was born; pure land; Buddha realm
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
had better ...; had better not ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
with my own (two) eyes; with these very eyes
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh