vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
wherein; therein; thereinto; among which
one (small animal); two-tan bolt of cloth
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
prizing; valuing highly; esteeming
tiger stripes; brindle; brindled coloring
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
silver (Ag); silver (color); silver (medal, prize, etc.); silver coin; silver general; bank; (arch.) money
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to name; to call; to christen; to term
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
strength; power; proficiency; the strength of ... people; the strength of ... men
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to shoot (a gun, person, etc.); to fire
bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
ferocious; brutal; atrocious; savage; barbarous
cannibalism; biting (someone); man-eating (e.g. tiger); cannibalistic
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
devious; cunning; sly; crafty
ambush; lying in wait for an ambush
to attack; to go for; to come at; to pounce on; to jump on; to swoop down on
serious wound; serious injury
to carry on one's back; to bear; to take (responsibility); to assume; to suffer (an injury); to sustain (a wound)
sharp-edged tool; sharp weapon; convenience; facility; superior talent; outstanding ability
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be discouraged; to shrink from
boldly; bravely; resolutely; determinedly
to fight against; to oppose; to face