indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
speech; tongue; dialect; brogue; bento; Japanese box lunch; petal
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road; ridge; peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis
advance guard; vanguard; athlete who competes in the first match of a team competition (kendo, judo, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend