indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
speech; tongue; dialect; brogue; bento; Japanese box lunch; petal
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
congratulation; celebration
adds force or indicates command
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Iga (former province located in the west of present-day Mie Prefecture)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
cannibalism (in animals); feeding on each other; mutually harmful competition; internecine struggle; dog-eat-dog competition
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember