now; soon; already; yet; further; more
slowly; inefficiently; tardily; dawdling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
total darkness; pitch dark; bleak future; poor prospects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
navigation; (car) navigation system; navigator
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
curse; spell; malediction
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience