honorific/polite/humble prefix
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
older brother; elder brother
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
failure; futility; uselessness; x (mark); cross
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
meaning; significance; sense
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
story; tale; talk; discussion
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
all; entire; whole; altogether
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
bungler; greenhorn; clumsy; poor hand
miso lees; miso strainings; miso dregs; child who is made light of; child who is left out of games; immature child or person
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling