indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
older brother; elder brother
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
time; hour; period; class
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline
miso lees; miso strainings; miso dregs; child who is made light of; child who is left out of games; immature child or person
honorific/polite/humble prefix
bamboo stick used to strike meditators into greater wakefulness (in Zen Buddhism); striking someone's wrist with one's index and middle finger
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
knee dislocation; making somebody's knees bend (by hitting them behind the knees with one's own knees)
soft; tender; limp; subdued (colour or light) (color); gentle; meek
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
loveable; very likeable; like very much
understood; I see; OK; present; here
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
wooden joints; paired karate kata; beltwork
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
how; in what way; how about
strong and weak points; likes and dislikes; strengths and weaknesses
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to pile up; to stack; to load (car, ship, etc.); to pack; to acquire; to accumulate
feeling; sense; impression