at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bungler; greenhorn; clumsy; poor hand
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
failure; futility; uselessness; x (mark); cross
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
older brother; elder brother
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
training; drill; practice; discipline
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to