indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bungler; greenhorn; clumsy; poor hand
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
wandering (e.g. bird, exile, lifestyle); wandering alone in a strange country
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
how; in what way; how about
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
bottle; jar; decanter; flagon; phial; vial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
relieved; refreshed; frank; candid; easy-going