indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
strawberry (esp. the garden strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa)
flour; meal; powder; dust
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in that way; thus; so; so?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to mix; to stir; to blend