indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
decision; determination; resolution
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
solemn (ceremony, atmosphere, etc.); austere; grave; majestic; dignified; stately
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
eternal slumber; everlasting rest; death
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
elephant (Elephantidae spp.)