indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to join forces; to cooperate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
memento (esp. of a deceased person); keepsake; heirloom; remembrance; souvenir
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
moment; brief space of time
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
stretcher; litter; gurney
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
professor; teaching; instruction
thereupon; shortly thereafter
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to boil; to heat (a liquid); to prepare (a bath, hot drink); to excite; to rouse; to stir
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...