indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
property; fortune; assets
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
to fix upon (one-sidedly); to (ignore somebody's position and) arbitrarily decide something is the case; to scold; to take (a person) to task
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
sincerity; true heart; devotion
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
(please) look; see; (please) try to do
to put one's life on the line; to risk one's life; to put everything one has into it
vast; huge; immense; malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to flicker; to glimmer; to flit; to fall lightly (snow, rain)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation