indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
long time; long interval; for quite some time
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
present; gift; to give a present or gift
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
wolf (Canis lupus); wolf in sheep's clothing; womanizer
body; group; party; company; troupe
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
unfortunately; sorry, but ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
dead end; cul-de-sac; blind alley; end; end of the road; end point
mouse; rat; dark gray; dark grey; slate (color, colour)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff