zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
name; given name; first name
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
that gentleman; that lady; he; she
by means of; due to; because of; according to
seal of blood; sealing with one's blood
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to pledge allegiance; to swear an oath of allegiance; to take an oath of allegiance
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
influence; power; might; influence (of stones)
expansion; extension; magnification; enlargement; escalation; spread
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spread; to be propagated
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
intensification; aggravation
witch hunt (persecution of people accused of witchcraft); witch hunt (persecution of people considered a danger to society)
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to challenge (esp. in a lawsuit); to take on an opponent (in negotiations, contest, etc.)
civil war; insurrection; rebellion; domestic conflict
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
war; fighting; fierce competition
invention; intelligent; clever; smart
traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear