indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
body; group; party; company; troupe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
Griffith (Australia); Griffis; Griffiths
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
adds force or indicates command
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
order of chivalry; chivalric order
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...