to be different from what was previously said; to be different from what was promised
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
rock (music); rock; boulder; on the rocks
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
behind; in the rear; in back
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
honeycomb toffee; sponge toffee; foam candy from heated brown sugar mixed with baking soda
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away as useless; to scrap; to make null and void; to renege; to annul
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
taking over another's debt; shouldering someone else's burden; subrogation
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
cook; chef; tap; spigot; cock (male fowl); cock (penis)
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision; dogmatism
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sailing; marching; going out; dispatch
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who