indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
before one's very eyes; under one's nose; imminence; close at hand
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
not a little; not a few; considerable
being at sea; losing one's bearings; (arch.) disorientation upon waking at night; (arch.) forgetting which house or room to enter
to bring; to take; to bring about
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
deep emotion; impression; inspiration
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
now; the present time; just now; another; more
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
I see; that's right; indeed
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
really; truly; indeed; good grief
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...