indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
kurin; nine vertically stacked rings on a pagoda finial
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight