indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Denain (France); Donaint; Donnan
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
kurin; nine vertically stacked rings on a pagoda finial
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
support; backing; aid; assistance
congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
landing; going ashore; disembarkation; making landfall (of a typhoon); striking land; hitting land