indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
brethren; brothers; fellow countrymen; fellowman; compatriot
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
at hand; on hand; way of moving one's arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
example; simile; metaphor; allegory
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be inferior to; to be less good at; to fall behind
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
flavour; flavor; taste; charm; appeal; interest
particular; special; exceptional; particularly; especially; exceptionally
is something that; is that which
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
puppet; marionette; puppeteer; (arch.) prostitute
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
assertion; declaration; affirmation
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
the people; citizens; the populace
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number