indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
guerrilla; guerrilla warfare; sudden
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
honorific/polite/humble prefix
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
reconciliation; peace; rapprochement
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
how; in what way; how about
adds force or indicates command
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
executive officer; administrative official
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch