this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
though; notwithstanding; although
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
fall; drop; descent; coming down
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
war responsibility (esp. in relation to Japan's role in WWII)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
death penalty; capital punishment
judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
welcome!; nice to see you!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else