twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
male coming-of-age-ceremony; shaving one's eyebrows, blackening one's teeth, and wearing one's hair in the marumage style (of a newly married woman; Edo period)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
parting; separation; farewell
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
already; now; no longer; not any more
only; merely; but; no more than
one thin flat object; one sheet
inside and outside; interior and exterior; inside and outside the country; home and abroad; around; about
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to separate (by distance, time, etc.); to isolate; to interpose; to have between; to alienate; to estrange
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that gentleman; that lady; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
with one's own body; by one's own action; through one's own experience; firsthand
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
odious; hateful; detestable; (speaking ironically) darling
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
story; tale; talk; discussion
how; in what way; how about
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out