indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine