indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that)
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
troublesome; annoying; complicated
glaring; flaming; fiery; blazing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
popular name; common name; given name
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
splendid; nice; sufficient; satisfactory; not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
play; sport; fun; caprice; joke; jest
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
breath; sign (of something new and fresh); breath (of spring, fresh air, etc.); vitality
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
early; right away; at once; early time; early stage (in one's life, etc.)
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
cushion; cushion (to soften the blow); mitigation
extreme; ultra; mega; damn; stupid; cursed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?