indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
tenth day of the month; ten days
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to pass (of time); to elapse
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
particular; special; (not) particularly; (not) especially
that; the matter in question
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
cheerful; jovial; weather; season; spirit of yang
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten