now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to keep in pace with; to keep up with; to follow (someone's thought); to understand
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)