already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to take (something) along; to bring with one; to carry (something) away; to bear
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to keep in pace with; to keep up with; to follow (someone's thought); to understand
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
grandfather; male senior-citizen
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")