ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
neighboring village; neighbouring village
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
photo studio; photographer; camera shop; photography supplies shop; photo processing shop; photo finishing shop
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
of course; certainly; naturally
honorific/polite/humble prefix
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to work too hard; to try too hard; to strain oneself; to overdo it; to go too far