and then; and so; and; so then
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
battlefield; battleground
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
national border; provincial border
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
outbreak of war; starting a war
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
under control (e.g. of territory)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)