indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
prohibition; inhibition; ban
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
passage (of people, traffic); passing; common usage