indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
and then; and so; and; so then
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
suspension; pause; temporary halt; stopping (at an intersection, railway crossing, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
left side; left-hand side
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
wisdom; jnana (higher knowledge)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
Chiba prefecture (Kanto area)
one round; one circuit; one revolution; one lap; one turn
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how long; how far; how much