if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
please (give me); please (do for me)
declining; refusal; rejection; announcement; notice
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
meaning; significance; sense
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember