today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
group; party; team; squad; section
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
original; unique (e.g. product); signature; exclusive
race game (board game where the object is to reach the goal first); trad. Japanese board games played with dice, esp. ban-sugoroku
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to discuss; to talk together
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
magic; Magic Marker; felt-tip pen; magic number
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
scissors; shears; clippers; hole punch
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
each; (arch.) you (plural)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
it doesn't matter what; anything is fine
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof