here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to call for somebody; to come for someone; to pick someone up
mistress; kept woman; concubine
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be needed; to be wanted
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to look (stare) back at (somebody); to look at again; to re-examine; to prove oneself superior (to someone who had previously been condescending); to look back (behind oneself)
bureau director; office chief
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
please (give me); please (do for me)
maxwell (unit of magnetic flux)
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
Catholic priest; abbe; reverend father; minister; padre
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
securing; obtaining; ensuring; belay; belaying
pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once