ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
heartrending; pitiful; saddening; pathetic; heart-breaking
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
shrike (any bird of family Laniidae); bull-headed shrike (Lanius bucephalus); butcher bird
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
time; hour; period; class
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
don't worry about it; forget about it
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to press down; to hold down; to pin down
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
to death (bored, scared, etc.); to distraction; like crazy; like mad; so much; dying (e.g. for a drink)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to excite; to incite; to stimulate; to arouse; to tempt; to stir up