indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
calendar; calender (machine for flattening things)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
how many years; how long; what year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to turn over; to turn pages of a book; to tear off; to strip off; to tear up
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
family; members of a family
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
stealthily; secretly; in secret
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
January; first month of the lunar calendar
February; second month of the lunar calendar
March; third month of the lunar calendar
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you