look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
flour; meal; powder; dust
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
considerably; greatly; a lot
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nine; nine years of age; twelve o'clock (old time system)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
misedashi; debut of an apprentice geisha; ceremony in which a shikomi becomes a maiko
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
feeling guilty; having a guilty conscience; having qualms about
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work