indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
beginning; outset; first; onset
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke