indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
major; lieutenant commander; wing commander
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
genuine article; real thing; real deal
police; police officer; police station