to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
salted salmon; fish wrapped in (bamboo) leaves
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
in that way; thus; so; so?
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
bureau director; office chief
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
simultaneous; all at once
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
murder; homicide; manslaughter
and (also); both ... and; as well as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
accompanying; travelling together; traveling together; same bank
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
dwelling; house; residence; den; habitat
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question