indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
what with this and that; for a number of reasons
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
all; entire; whole; altogether
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
bull; bulldog; bulldozer; bourgeois; bourgeoisie
chain (bicycle, measuring, tire, etc.); chain (store, hotel, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
name; given name; first name
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
massage (esp. anma, a traditional form of Japanese massage); masseur; masseuse; (arch.) blind person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr