indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
soldier; combatant; warrior
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly