this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
Sui dynasty (China, 581-618)
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
to divide; to cut; to halve; to break; to crack; to dilute; to fall below
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I see; that's right; indeed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
whereabout; about where; how much
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
suffix for familiar person
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
in that way; thus; so; so?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
soft; software; soft hat; felt hat; soft serve ice cream; softball
hard; tough; hardware; hard disk
eyesight; vision; visual acuity
how long; how far; how much
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
manufacturer (esp. a major company); producer; maker; device for making things; person who creates things
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...