indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
live (broadcasting, music, etc.); live performance; live concert; resonant (room, etc.); reverberating
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
performance (as opposed to practice); going before an audience or on-air; game; match; high of the season; height (of summer, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
stage (platform); performance; show; stage (phase); part; stage
to stand (something) up; to put upright; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to let out; to raise (a cloud of dust, smoke, etc.)
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
splendid; nice; sufficient; satisfactory; not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to feel uncomfortable; to be offended; to have a bad time
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
performer (usu. in a boy band or girl group) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so